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The term 'substrate' in tile installation specifically refers to the underlying surface that provides support for the tiles being installed. This could include concrete, backer board, plywood, or other surfaces designed to adequately support the weight of the tiles and accommodate the necessary adhesives. An appropriate substrate is crucial because it affects the overall durability and longevity of the tile installation. If the substrate is not stable or appropriate for the type of tile being used, it can lead to issues such as cracking or loosening of the tiles over time.

The other options relate broadly to the tile installation process but do not define what a substrate is. The spacing material between tiles is used to ensure uniform gaps, the type of grout influences the finishing and sealing of the installation, and the finish applied over the tile pertains to aesthetics but does not provide the foundational support needed for the tiles.